Lalli, Carol M., and Timothy R. Parsons. Knesebeckstr. [334] Lobe fins evolved into the legs of the first tetrapod land vertebrates, so by extension an early ancestor of humans was a lobe-finned fish. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very strange shapes, such as the flat and square-shaped cells of Haloquadratum walsbyi. Microalgae are important components of the marine protists (discussed above), as well as the phytoplankton (discussed below). They are often called seabirds. ", "Ancient Nursery Area for the Extinct Giant Shark Megalodon from the Miocene of Panama", "Eye lens radiocarbon reveals centuries of longevity in the Greenland shark (, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T198921A9108067.en, "Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification", "Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Ginglymodian Fishes (Actinopterygii: Neopterygii)", "Bigmouth Buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus sets freshwater teleost record as improved age analysis reveals centenarian longevity", "The Evolution of Fishes After the Devonian", "Scientists Describe the World's Smallest, Lightest Fish", Table 1: Numbers of threatened species by major groups of organisms (1996–2014), "The greatest step in vertebrate history: a paleobiological review of the fish-tetrapod transition", "Use of paleontological and molecular data in supertrees for comparative studies: the example of lissamphibian femoral microanatomy", "Green frog invasion in the Black Sea: habitat ecology of the, "The phylogenetic definition of Reptilia", "A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "Sardine Run Shark Feeding Frenzy Phenomenon in Africa", "The Society for Marine Mammalogy's Taxonomy Committee List of Species and subspecies", "Cetacean Brain Evolution: Multiplication Generates Complexity", "Cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial toxins", "The Rise of Oxygen - Astrobiology Magazine", "Understand the evolutionary mechanisms and environmental limits of life", "The Most Important Microbe You've Never Heard Of", "Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus", "A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata)", A place in the sun - Algae is the crop of the future, according to researchers in Geel, "Elaboration of Body Plan and Phase Change during Development of Acetabularia: How Is the Complex Architecture of a Giant Unicell Built? Sizes range from a few millimeters to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in). Global cumulative human impact on the ocean, Apparent extinction intensity, i.e. Aquabeads - Pastel Fairy Tale Set 4.5 out of 5 stars 108. Initial Alpha Release fort the new Minecraft Real Life Mod by ItsAMysterious.. Boat trips and cruises. [324] The Hemichordata are [437], Later, during the fourth century BC, another Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC) attempted a comprehensive classification of animals which included systematic descriptions of many marine species,[438][439] and particularly species found in the Mediterranean Sea. [164] Marine fungi can also be found in sea foam and around hydrothermal areas of the ocean. [96] Single-celled barophilic marine microbes have been found at a depth of 10,900 m (35,800 ft) in the Mariana Trench, the deepest spot in the Earth's oceans. Next. Lampreys form a superclass containing 38 known extant species of jawless fish. 37 t. tykkäystä. [167][168] They are composed of filamentous free-living fungi and yeasts associated with planktonic particles or phytoplankton. (Ed.) Both forms have a single orifice and body cavity that are used for digestion and respiration. X-Life may use NavData-base what always included to X-Plane 10. The chordate phylum has three subphyla, one of which is the vertebrates (see below). [64] The eukaryotic cells emerged between 1.6–2.7 billion years ago. Bony fish have jaws and skeletons made of bone rather than cartilage. In ctenophores, however, these layers are two cells deep, while those in cnidarians are only a single cell deep. Bloodworms are typically found on the bottom of shallow marine waters. Edn 10. [70] In 2016 scientists reported that, about 800 million years ago, a minor genetic change in a single molecule called GK-PID may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells. [265] Their numerical dominance, often exceeding a million individuals per square meter and accounting for about 80% of all individual animals on earth, their diversity of life cycles, and their presence at various trophic levels point at an important role in many ecosystems.[266]. Stidworthy J. [257][258], Nematodes (roundworms) constitute a further worm phylum with tubular digestive systems and an opening at both ends. Dec 14, 2016 - Explore Jeff DeGuide's board "Tattoo cover up" on Pinterest. [445] Biological oceanography is similar to marine biology, but it studies ocean life from a different perspective. Their tentacles sting and paralyse small fish. Diatoms, major components of marine plankton, also have silica skeletons called frustules. Other dinoflagellates are mixotrophic and could also be classified as phytoplankton; the distinction between plants and animals often breaks down in very small organisms. About 96% of all modern fish species are teleosts,[338] of which about 14,000 are marine species. Sponges are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular, heterotrophic, lack cell walls and produce sperm cells. [445], The plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. [209] Nevertheless, there is still much debate about whether the Cambrian explosion was really explosive and, if so, how and why it happened and why it appears unique in the history of animals.[210]. Over 1500 species of fungi are known from marine environments. Most species nest in colonies, which can vary in size from a few dozen birds to millions. [41][42] Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland[43] as well as "remains of biotic life" found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. [182] It has been hypothesized that mycoplankton evolved from terrestrial fungi, likely in the Paleozoic era (390 million years ago).[183]. Seite 2 von 2 < 1: 2 Themen-Optionen: 21.03.2006, 21:44 #11 ani01. Biological Oceanography: An Introduction. By volume, oceans provide about 90 percent of the living space on the planet. Regular price €29,99 Sale price €9,99+ Save €23,98 SAVES THE TURTLES Arm Foot Band "SchMuSe" Regular price €35,97 Sale price €11,99+ SAVES THE TURTLES - ANKLET | Turtle & Shells. Tauche ein in deutsche SEA LIFE Aquarien und erhalte interaktive Einblicke in die faszinierende Unterwasserwelt. We’ve got 2 FOR 1 boating offers to explore the Thames with City Cruises or Thames Clippers. [219] They are now classified as a paraphyletic phylum from which the higher animals have evolved. As rivers discharge into estuaries, freshwater mixes with saltwater and becomes brackish. Instructions on withdrawal Right of withdrawal. None of these basal body plans exhibit bilateral symmetry. [352] There have been reports, however, of amphibians invading marine waters, such as a Black Sea invasion by the natural hybrid Pelophylax esculentus reported in 2010.[353]. Diatoms are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. Macroalgae are the larger, multicellular and more visible types of algae, commonly called seaweeds. Salinity is a measure of the concentration of dissolved salts in water. [2] The science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke has pointed out it would be more appropriate to refer to planet Earth as planet Ocean. Tauche ein in deutsche SEA LIFE Aquarien und erhalte interaktive Einblicke in die faszinierende Unterwasserwelt. They include two main groups, the acorn worms and the Pterobranchia. Trilobites first appeared about 521 Ma. [232] The outer layer of simple epithelial cells bear cilia which the animal uses to help it creep along the seafloor. There has been speculation Europa's ocean could support life,[32][33] and could be capable of supporting multicellular microorganisms if hydrothermal vents are active on the ocean floor. All worms, apart from the Hemichordata, are protostomes. Marine reptiles were less numerous after mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous. See more ideas about art inspiration, drawings, jellyfish drawing. [391] They are among the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. The dinoflagellate, Protoperidinium extrudes a large feeding veil to capture prey. The marine Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest known bacterium. They are solitary worm-shaped organisms rarely seen by humans because of their lifestyle. Among the pioneering zoologists, Linnaeus identified two body plans outside the vertebrates; Cuvier identified three; and Haeckel had four, as well as the Protista with eight more, for a total of twelve. They use fins to propel and stabilise themselves in the water, and usually have a two-chambered heart and eyes well adapted to seeing underwater, as well as other sensory systems. Find out about the marine creatures that live in the Baltic Sea by visiting SEA LIFE Timmendorfer Strand. Compared to terrestrial environments, marine environments have biomass pyramids which are inverted at the base. [339] Teleosts can be distinguished from other bony fish by their possession of a homocercal tail, a tail where the upper half mirrors the lower half. How to reach us. Each slit consists of a branchial chamber opening to the pharynx through a U-shaped cleft. Some marine worms are tube worms, such as the giant tube worm which lives in waters near underwater volcanoes and can withstand temperatures up to 90 degrees Celsius. During the sixth century BC, the Greek philosopher Xenophanes (570-475 BC) recognised that some fossil shells were remains of shellfish. Placozoa have the simplest structure of all animals. Microorganisms make up about 70% of the marine biomass. [313] The adult lamprey is characterized by a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth. Sawfish, rays with long rostrums resembling a saw. In particular, this means they eat phytoplankton. [14], The abundance of surface water on Earth is a unique feature in the Solar System. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Perfect for toddlers and preschoolers. Deuterostomes form a superphylum of animals and are the sister clade of the protostomes. They form a phylum which includes insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans. [66][133] This involved the engulfment by proto-eukaryotic cells of alphaproteobacterial symbionts to form either mitochondria or hydrogenosomes, which are still found in all known Eukarya. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. (2019) "Status and trends for the world’s kelp forests". Echinoderms are important both biologically and geologically. Tarrytown, New York: Pergamon, 1993. Mangroves and seagrasses provide important nursery habitats for marine life, acting as hiding and foraging places for larval and juvenile forms of larger fish and invertebrates. [177] Many more occur in the splash zone, where they occupy different vertical zones depending on how tolerant they are to submersion. Examples include albatross, penguins, gannets, and auks. The unicellular bubble algae lives in tidal zones. A seaweed is a macroscopic form ofred or brown or green algae. [134][135] This is known as secondary endosymbiosis. Fox Bar. Phytoplankton consist mainly of microscopic photosynthetic eukaryotes which inhabit the upper sunlit layer in all oceans. At a fundamental level, marine life affects the nature of the planet. Most viruses cannot be seen with an optical microscope so electron microscopes are used instead. [90] They infect and destroy bacteria in aquatic microbial communities, and are the most important mechanism of recycling carbon in the marine environment. [351] Amphibians (from Greek for both kinds of life) live part of their life in water and part on land. Sea World is the premier marine animal park on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. [48] The current scientific consensus is that the complex biochemistry that makes up life came from simpler chemical reactions. £4.99. Kennwort: Geiz ist Geil Gutscheinaktionen, Rabatte und Treueaktionen, alles wo gespart werden kann, gehört hier rein. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcKinney1997 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFStearnsStearns1999 (. With no set roles, you have complete freedom to approach the world, and other players, however you choose. SEA LIFE Deutschland – – Оценка 4.1 на базата на 422 отзива "Wir waren heute zu 6 Leuten und 2 Kindern in Oberhausen. Plunder and Rule the Seas with our SoT Cheat! This can result in upwellings along the outer edges of continental shelves, providing conditions for phytoplankton blooms. [215][216], While most of the approximately 5,000–10,000 known species feed on bacteria and other food particles in the water, some host photosynthesizing micro-organisms as endosymbionts and these alliances often produce more food and oxygen than they consume. Initial Alpha Release fort the new Minecraft Real Life Mod by ItsAMysterious. [320][321] In 2020 researchers found "strong evidence" that the Tully monster was a vertebrate, and was a jawless fish in the lineage of the lamprey.[322][323]. However, more than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species,[430] are estimated to be extinct. [72] Various triggers for the Cambrian explosion have been proposed, including the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere from photosynthesis. Coastlines typically have continental shelves extending some way from the shore. SEA LIFE Deutschland, Königswinter. The history of biodiversity during the Phanerozoic (the last 540 million years), starts with rapid growth during the Cambrian explosion – a period during which nearly every phylum of multicellular organisms first appeared. They are very diverse. Like the amoebae they superficially resemble, they continually change their external shape. [221] Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment, but some oceanic species are so fragile and transparent that it is very difficult to capture them intact for study. [269] They are the largest marine phylum in terms of species count, containing about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Legendary Stories. It's a marine life experience you won’t forget. Alternatively, get some takeout and enjoy a beach picnic. Thirdly, it has a nervous system including a complex digestive system using microscopic, muscle-powered hairs called cilia to exude mucus. Scientists currently think cnidarians, ctenophores and bilaterians are more closely related to calcareous sponges than these are to other sponges, and that anthozoans are the evolutionary "aunts" or "sisters" of other cnidarians, and the most closely related to bilaterians. Biogenous sediments account for the other 55% of the total sediment, and originate in the skeletal remains of marine protists (single-celled plankton and benthos organisms). The dramatic rise in diversity has been marked by periodic, massive losses of diversity classified as mass extinction events. The first primary producers that used photosynthesis were oceanic cyanobacteria about 2.3 billion years ago. They were highly successful and were found everywhere in the ocean for 270 Ma.[288]. You’ve come to the right place! [253][254] The earliest known deuterostomes are Saccorhytus fossils from about 540 million years ago. Their diet varies considerably as well: some may eat zooplankton; others may eat fish, squid, shellfish, and sea-grass; and a few may eat other mammals. The history of the discovery of body plans can be seen as a movement from a worldview centred on vertebrates, to seeing the vertebrates as one body plan among many. [104] Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. [375], The tiny marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus, discovered in 1986, forms today part of the base of the ocean food chain and accounts for much of the photosynthesis of the open ocean[376] and an estimated 20% of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. [93] Some peripatetic microorganisms are swept up from terrestrial dust storms, but most originate from marine microorganisms in sea spray. Marine viruses—major players in the global ecosystem. [7] A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism too small to be recognised with the naked eye. Pterobranchia form a class containing about 30 species of small worm-shaped animals that live in secreted tubes on the ocean floor. READ MORE Team It has the combination of both ray-finned and lobe-finned features, although analysis of the totality of its features place it closer to lobe-finned fish. [57] By comparing the anatomies of both modern and extinct species, paleontologists can infer the lineages of those species. Download Idle Arks: Build at Sea 2.1.5 Apk + Mod (Money/Resources) Android 2021 Apk For free & Idle Arks: Build at Sea 2.1.5 Apk + Mod (Money/Resources) Android 2021 MOD Apk directly for your Android device instantly and Install it Now. Cephalopods, like this cuttlefish, use their mantle cavity for jet propulsion. The other two subphyla are marine invertebrates: the tunicates (salps and sea squirts) and the cephalochordates (such as lancelets). Green cyanobacteria scum washed up on a rock in California, Gyrodinium, one of the few naked dinoflagellates which lack armour, Zoochlorellae (green) living inside the ciliate Stichotricha secunda, Algae bloom of Emiliania huxleyi off the southern coast of England, Guinardia delicatula, a diatom responsible for algal blooms in the North Sea and the English Channel[406]. Evidence for the appearance of the first land plants occurs in the Ordovician, around 450 million years ago, in the form of fossil spores. Pyrosomes are free-floating bioluminescent tunicates made up of hundreds of individuals. [169] Similar to bacterioplankton, these aquatic fungi play a significant role in heterotrophic mineralization and nutrient cycling. Marine algae can be divided into six groups: Unlike higher plants, algae lack roots, stems, or leaves. The earliest Bilateria may have had only a single opening, and no coelom. Hagfish are the only known living animals with a skull but no vertebral column. [316] The lampreys are a very ancient lineage of vertebrates, though their exact relationship to hagfishes and jawed vertebrates is still a matter of dispute. 2725621620: asimo3089 , badcc, KreekCraft - You're WeLcome Also like cnidarians, the bodies of ctenophores consist of a mass of jelly, with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. 666 likes. Consumers have a right of withdrawal according to the following conditions, where consumer is any natural Person who is a legal transaction completes, the predominantly neither commercial nor their independent vocational activity may be allocated to the: A. If an island sinks below the sea, coral growth can keep up with rising water and form an atoll. [319], The Tully monster is an extinct genus of soft-bodied bilaterians that lived in tropical estuaries about 300 million years ago. It looked much like a stocky version of the great white shark, but was much larger with fossil lengths reaching 20.3 metres (67 ft). Recorded extinction events are therefore based on the more easily observed changes in the diversity and abundance of larger multicellular organisms, rather than the total diversity and abundance of life. He divided animals with blood into live-bearing (mammals), and egg-bearing (birds and fish). [394], Unicellular organisms are usually microscopic, less than one tenth of a millimeter long. Cnidarians include corals, sea anemones, jellyfish and hydrozoans. [200][201]:33 A body plan refers to a blueprint which describes the shape or morphology of an organism, such as its symmetry, segmentation and the disposition of its appendages. For example, all living cells use the same basic set of nucleotides and amino acids. Fish have gills instead of lungs, although some species of fish, such as the lungfish, have both. [206], In the 1970s there was already a debate about whether the emergence of the modern phyla was "explosive" or gradual but hidden by the shortage of Precambrian animal fossils. [363] The biologist Stephen Jay Gould said the ichthyosaur was his favourite example of convergent evolution. 37K likes. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies, By purchasing this item, you are transacting with Google Payments and agreeing to the Google Payments. The xenophyophore, another single-celled foraminiferan, lives in abyssal zones. [12] Water is the only common substance to exist as a solid, liquid, and gas under conditions normal to life on Earth. [237] There is a remarkable degree of similarity in the gene sequence conservation and complexity between the sea anemone and vertebrates. [170] Mycoplankton can be up to 20 mm in diameter and over 50 mm in length. [389] Depending on the species, their sizes range from a few micrometers (µm) to a few hundred micrometers. They are specially adapted to an environment dominated by viscous forces. They are heterotrophic (other-feeding), meaning they cannot produce their own food and must consume instead other plants or animals as food. Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera (from Modern Latin for bearing pores[214]). Perfect for a family day out. This family-friendly aquarium presents the chance to see sharks, fish and rays up close. Phytoplankton come in many shapes and sizes. Emily Kearns, "Animals, knowledge about," in. Cookies help us deliver our services. Albatrosses range over huge areas of ocean and regularly circle the globe. Several lichens are found in marine environments. Around the start of the Devonian, fish started appearing with a deep remodelling of the vertebrate skull that resulted in a jaw. The term division has been traditionally used instead of phylum when discussing primary producers, but the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants now accepts both terms as equivalents.[371]. Die Firma Bracenet sammelt tausende verloren gegangener Fischernetze aus den Weltmeeren, um die Tiere des Meeres zu schützen.Eine wunderschöne Idee! 2 für 1 Coupon Ticket Gutschein im Deutschland SEA LIFE (gültig bis 31.03.2019) janvier 2019. The Greenland shark lives longer than any other vertebrate. Some palaeontologists think Lobopodia represents a basal grade which lead to an arthropod body plan. The coastal beroids have gaping mouths and lack tentacles. The idea of body plans originated with vertebrates, which were grouped into one phylum. Calendar > Gardaland Resort Map > How to reach us > Guest services > Faq/Search > GUEST WITH DISABILITIES > Contacts us > SHARE ON: keep always up-to-date! Marine birds are adapted to life within the marine environment. Most went extinct when they were outcompeted by jawed fish (below), but two groups survived: hagfish and lampreys. [431][432] These extinctions occur at an uneven rate. The oxygen released as a by-product of photosynthesis is needed by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. The extinct Pteraspidomorphi, ancestral to jawed vertebrates. A few inhabit brackish water, but there are no true marine amphibians. [256] Some marine worms occupy a small variety of parasitic niches, living inside the bodies of other animals, while others live more freely in the marine environment or by burrowing underground. Sea dragons camouflaged to look like floating seaweed live in kelp forests and seagrass meadows. [243][244], The sea wasp is the most lethal jellyfish in the world. SEA LIFE is open on Boxing Day (10:00 - 18:00), New Year's Eve (10:00 - 17:00) and New Year's Day (12:15 - 17:00). [68], The history of life was that of the unicellular eukaryotes, prokaryotes and archaea until about 610 million years ago when multicellular organisms began to appear in the oceans in the Ediacaran period. Most authorities today exclude all prokaryotes, and hence cyanobacteria from the definition of algae.[379][380]. The cytostome or mouth is at the bottom right. [403] Phytoplankton groups include cyanobacteria (above), diatoms, various other types of algae (red, green, brown, and yellow-green), dinoflagellates, euglenoids, coccolithophorids, cryptomonads, chrysophytes, chlorophytes, prasinophytes, and silicoflagellates. [53] The common descent of organisms was first deduced from four simple facts about organisms: First, they have geographic distributions that cannot be explained by local adaptation. Other aspects of archaeal biochemistry are unique, such as their reliance on ether lipids in their cell membranes, such as archaeols. These are made of webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines (rays) which can be erected to control the fin stiffness. They first appeared about 245 million years ago and disappeared about 90 million years ago. They are the largest non-colonial animals to swim with the help of cilia (hairs or combs). Du wirst die größte Kollektion an kostenlosen Auto-Spielen für die ganze Familie auf dieser Website finden. With 11 Tales to play through across two epic storylines, these immersive and cinematic quests provide around 30 hours of the ultimate pirate fantasy. The earliest animal fossils may belong to the genus Dickinsonia,[185] 571 million to 541 million years ago. The next major change in cell structure came when bacteria were engulfed by eukaryotic cells, in a cooperative association called endosymbiosis. Other zooplankton include pelagic cnidarians, ctenophores, molluscs, arthropods and tunicates, as well as planktonic arrow worms and bristle worms. They form a phylum (division) of bacteria which range from unicellular to filamentous and include colonial species. Over 10,000 marine species are copepods, small, often microscopic crustaceans, Darkfield photo of a gastrotrich, a worm-like animal living between sediment particles. Wind blowing at the ocean surface or deep ocean currents can result in cold and nutrient rich waters from abyssal depths moving up the continental slopes. There are about 130 living and recently extinct marine mammal species such as seals, dolphins, whales, manatees, sea otters and polar bears. [51] In 2016 scientists reported a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all life, including microorganisms, living on Earth. [427], Biodiversity is the result of over three billion years of evolution. The most striking passages are about the sea-life visible from observation on Lesbos and available from the catches of fishermen. In: Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. [303] Some of these worms may grow to be very long; one particular species may reach a length of 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in), although most acorn worms are much smaller. Zooplankton are generally larger than phytoplankton, mostly still microscopic but some can be seen with the naked eye. £6.99. Its diameter is up to 3.8 cm.[154]. These classes include gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods, as well as other lesser-known but distinctive classes. Seahorses are masters of camouflage, quickly changing color to avoid predators and surprise their prey. [172] This number is greater in coastal ecosystems and estuaries due to nutritional runoff from terrestrial communities. [245], Some of the earliest bilaterians were wormlike, and the original bilaterian may have been a bottom dwelling worm with a single body opening. Suttle CA. Arthropod hatchlings vary from miniature adults to grubs that lack jointed limbs and eventually undergo a total metamorphosis to produce the adult form. Embryological origins of the mouth and anus, fish with cartilaginous internal skeletons, International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, "Scientists' warning to humanity: Microorganisms and climate change", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Ocean", Tiny Fish May Be Ancestor of Nearly All Living Vertebrates, "Third rock from the Sun – restless Earth", "Volumes of the World's Oceans from ETOPO1", Planet "Earth": We Should Have Called It "Sea", "NASA Research Reveals Europa's Mystery Dark Material Could Be Sea Salt", "Water near surface of a Jupiter moon only temporary", "Alternative Energy Sources Could Support Life on Europa", Ocean Within Enceladus May Harbor Hydrothermal Activity, "Nano−porous pyrite and organic matter in 3.5-billion-year-old stromatolites record primordial life", Earliest signs of life: Scientists find microbial remains in ancient rocks, "Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth", "Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, "From self-assembly of life to present-day bacteria: a possible role for nanocells", "Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things", "Pattern pluralism and the Tree of Life hypothesis", "The net of life: Reconstructing the microbial phylogenetic network", "Comparing the human and chimpanzee genomes: searching for needles in a haystack", "Cell evolution and Earth history: stasis and revolution", "Disparate rates, differing fates: tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic", "Ancient Invasions: From Endosymbionts to Organelles", "Genetic Flip Helped Organisms Go From One Cell to Many", "Fossils, molecules and embryos: new perspectives on the Cambrian explosion", "Morphological and developmental macroevolution: a paleontological perspective", "The Palaeozoic Ancestry of Salamanders, Frogs and Caecilians", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, "How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean?