Accessed 9 Jan. 2021. Wagner was best known for his two plays, Die Reue nach der Tat (“The Remorse After the Deed”) in 1775 and Die Kindermorderin (“The Childmurderess”) in 1776. Search Sturm und Drang and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. It marked an era in which self-expression was paramount, an era in which one’s darkest emotions and most triumphant accomplishments could be celebrated with explosive honesty and sincerity. Sturm und Drang are a five-member heavy metal band with power metal and hard rock influences from Vaasa, Finland.Sturm und Drang have released two studio albums and toured places like Europe, Scandinavia and Japan. zurück, das ursprünglich den Titel „Wirrwarr“ trug. 8 Words for Storms the Weather Report Didn't Mention. München: C.H.Beck Verlag, 2. aktualisierte Auflage. [9] The literature of Sturm und Drang features an anti-aristocratic slant while seeking to elevate all things humble, natural, or intensely real (especially whatever is painful, tormenting, or frightening). After this trip he returned with interest in classical ideas and writing, and a new form of writing emerged called Weimar Classicism. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers. German word for Storm -- as in thunder storm -- duh. Sturm und drang DEFINITION A style of composition that communicates emotions of stress, fear, horror, anxiety, etc. It marked an era in which self-expression was paramount, an era in which one’s darkest emotions and most triumphant accomplishments could be celebrated with explosive honesty and sincerity. Most people chose this as the best definition of sturm-und-drang: Turmoil; ferment.... See the dictionary meaning, pronunciation, and sentence examples. He is remembered for his single complete play, Julius of Taranto (1776), which is considered the forerunner of Schiller's work The Robbers (1781). What made you want to look up Sturm und Drang? A little Sturm und Drang in a teacup. Goethe and Herder were the protagonists of the literary movement of Sturm und Drang. The aristocracy gained power as the ruling class, furthering the divide and increasing tensions between the classes (Liedner viii). Johann Anton Leisewitz was born in Hanover in 1752 and studied law. Sturm und drang DEFINITION A style of composition that communicates emotions of stress, fear, horror, anxiety, etc. 1. a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally) Familiarity information: STURM UND DRANG used as a noun is very rare. Johann Georg Hamann, a noted German philosopher and a major promoter of the Sturm und Drang movement, “defended the native culture of the Volk and maintained that language, the root of all our experience, was richer in images and more powerful prior to the ‘abstract’ eighteenth century” (Liedner viii). Sturm und Drang was a proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. The movement took its name from the 1776 play Sturm und Drang, a work by one of its proponents, dramatist and novelist Friedrich von Klinger. The Soldiers is most likely Lenz’s most distinct example of Sturm und Drang literature. 104, No. In literature: Finally we come to Sturm und Drang, the work of an anonymous writer. The obligato recitative is a prime example. translation and definition "Sturm und Drang", English-Polish Dictionary online. Franz is cast as a villain attempting to cheat Karl out of his inheritance, though the motives for his action are complex and initiate a thorough investigation of good and evil. Sturm und Drang are a five-member heavy metal band with power metal and hard rock influences from Vaasa, Finland.Sturm und Drang have released two studio albums and toured places like Europe, Scandinavia and Japan. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sturm_und_Drang&oldid=998853779, Articles needing additional references from January 2017, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Symphonies, keyboard concertos and sonatas including Symphony in E minor Wq. 104, No. Nazwa wywodzi się od tytułu dramatu niemieckiego pisarza Friedricha Maximiliana Klingera o tej samej nazwie. Music in Western Civilization. Leidner, Alan C. Sturm Und Drang: The German Library. Looking for definition of Sturm und Drang? Goethe was well known for his staging as well as his long dramatic poem Faust (Goethe's Faust) (Wilson and Goldfarb 287). Sturm und Drang . Karthaus, Ulrich: Sturm und Drang. French writer Louis-Sébastien Mercier suggested that drama be used to promote political ideas, a concept that would develop many years later. ‘The German Sturm und Drang and the English Romantic Movement were about to sweep away the fragile lessons of the Enlightenment and reveal the dark recesses of the human soul.’ ‘Germany is another example - the movement known as Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress) - was an independent cultural development.’ Epoche-Werke-Wirkung. drang definition in theGerman definition dictionary from Reverso, drang meaning, see also 'Sturm und Drang',dran',drängen',drängeln', conjugation, German vocabulary See more. Was waren die Kennzeichen? Pronunciation of Sturm und Drang and its etymology. Goethe's unfinished Prometheus exemplifies this along with the common ambiguity provided by juxtaposing humanistic platitudes with outbursts of irrationality. Sturm und Drang study guide by almosttoopale includes 16 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Der Sturm und Drang (auch bezeichnet als Geniezeit und Genieperiode) war eine geistige und literarische Strömung in Deutschland, die in der Zeit von 1760 bis 1785 angesiedelt ist. The term Sturm und Drang first appeared as the title of a play by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, written for Abel Seyler's Seylersche Schauspiel-Gesellschaft and published in 1776. Far before its time, the divergent style of Sturm und Drang shrewdly explored depression and violence with an open plot structure (Liedner ix). Sturm und Drang synonyms, Sturm und Drang pronunciation, Sturm und Drang translation, English dictionary definition of Sturm und Drang. Six main playwrights initiated and popularized the Sturm und Drang movement: Leisewitz, Wagner, Goethe, Lenz, Klinger, and Schiller. Sturm und drang definition, a style or movement of German literature of the latter half of the 18th century: characterized chiefly by impetuosity of manner, exaltation of individual sensibility and intuitive perception, opposition to established forms of society and thought, and extreme nationalism. Sturm und Drang in British English. Did You Know? 178-189: p. 178, Wright, Craig and Bryan Simms. London: University Press of America, Inc, 1986. v. Print. This relationship led to an epoch known as Weimar Classicism, a style that integrates classical, romantic and enlightenment ideals (Leidner xiv). Definition of Sturm und drang. [8] These ideals are identical to those of Sturm und Drang, and it can be argued that the later name exists to catalog a number of parallel, co-influential movements in German literature rather than express anything substantially different from what German dramatists were achieving in the violent plays attributed to the Kraftmensch movement. Within the movement, individual subjectivity and, in particular, extremes of emotion were given free expression in reaction to the perceived constraints of rationalism imposed by the Enlightenment and associated aesthetic movements. Kabale und Liebe als typisches Werk des Sturm und Drang Bestreben der Gleichheit aller (keine Unterdrückung bzw. HB Garland, Storm and Stress (London, 1952). Turmoil.Related terms 2. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born in August 1749, in the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire. Sturm und Drang (1770–76). Noun. Gefühl statt Verstand oder eine ausdrucksstarke Sprache der Figuren sind nur ein paar Merkmale. Living Theatre: History of Theatre. It is no wonder that Shakespeare, with his brilliant use of language, originality with complex plot lines and subplots, and multifaceted characters from all social classes, was seen as a model for German writers (Wilson and Goldfarb 287). Works during this period often feature a newly impassioned or agitated element; however, Haydn never mentions Sturm und Drang as a motivation for his new compositional style,[11] and there remains an overarching adherence to classical form and motivic unity. Also the name of a gun (Sturm-Ruger) and an 18th century cultural movement (Sturm und Drang = storm and stress) which encouraged people to speak as they wanted without constraint. [3] The setting of the play is the unfolding American Revolution, in which the author gives violent expression to difficult emotions and extols individuality and subjectivity over the prevailing order of rationalism. Jean Jacques Rousseau's 1762 play, Pygmalion (first performed in 1770) is a similarly important bridge in its use of underlying instrumental music to convey the mood of the spoken drama. (March 1989). [12] More interesting is the emancipation of the wind instruments in this piece, with the violins yielding to colorful bursts from the oboe and flute. STURM UND DRANG 'STURM UND DRANG' is a 13 letter phrase starting with S and ending with G Crossword clues for 'STURM UND DRANG' However, Sturm und Drang “makes its own distinctive contribution to 18th-century culture, bringing attention to the power of the environment as well as to the contradictory and self-defeating attitudes present in every segment of society” (Liedner ix). Sturm und Drang, (German: “Storm and Stress”), German literary movement of the late 18th century that exalted nature, feeling, and human individualism and sought to overthrow the Enlightenment cult of Rationalism. Definition of STURM UND DRANG in the Definitions.net dictionary. A crusade against rigid rationalism, the Sturm und Drang movement had always interested me as a writer. Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: sturm and drang (Noun) Turmoil. Although famous for his Sturm und Drang style plays, many of his earlier plays were very classical in style. Tempos and dynamics change rapidly and unpredictably in order to reflect strong changes of emotion. Referat: Sturm und Drang Epoche INHALTSVERZEICHNIS -Entstehung der Sturm und Drang -Epoche -Hauptvertreter der Epoche -Merkmale der Epoche -Form der Literatur -Kurze Zusammenfassung des Referates -Quellenangabe ENTSTEHUNG STURM UND DRANG -EPOCHE -1767 - 1790 … Belmont: Thomson Schirmer. Proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music, For the play for which the era was named, see, "Storm and Stress" redirects here. Both of these works are seminal examples of Sturm und Drang in German literature. Sturm und Drang, (German: “Storm and Stress”), German literary movement of the late 18th century that exalted nature, feeling, and human individualism and sought to overthrow the Enlightenment cult of Rationalism. [6] The alternative perspective is that of a literary movement inextricably linked to simultaneous developments in prose, poetry, and drama, extending its direct influence throughout the German-speaking lands until the end of the 18th century. Drogi Użytkowniku AdBlocka, wiemy, jak cenny jest Twój czas – zajmiemy Ci tylko chwilę. [4], Sturm und Drang came to be associated with literature or music aimed at shocking the audience or imbuing them with extremes of emotion. Beethoven, Weber, and even Schubert have elements of Sturm und Drang. Child murder was a very popular topic in the 18th century and all of the major Sturm und Drang writers used it as a subject in their writings (Waterhouse 97). Definition of Sturm und Drang. The Sturm und Drang movement did not last long; according to Betty Waterhouse it began in 1771 and ended in 1778 (Waterhouse v). Definition of Sturm und Drang in the Fine Dictionary. For them, sentimentality and an objective view of life gave way to emotional turbulence and individuality, and enlightenment ideals such as rationalism, empiricism, and universalism no longer captured the human condition; emotional extremes and subjectivity became the vogue during the late 18th century. Although the literary movement was well known in Germany in the late 1700s, the term "Sturm und Drang" didn’t appear in English prose until the mid-1800s. He studied theology and philosophy at the University of Konigsberg. Nevertheless, the originators of the movement came to view it as a time of premature exuberance that was then abandoned in favor of often conflicting artistic pursuits.[7]. Define Sturm und Drang by Webster's Dictionary, WordNet Lexical Database, Dictionary of Computing, Legal Dictionary, Medical Dictionary, Dream Dictionary. Die Epoche des Sturm und Drang (1765–1785) war ein ausschließlich deutsches Phänomen, das sich hauptsächlich in der Literatur niederschlug. Beyond the atypical key, the symphony features rhythmic syncopation along with the jagged themes associated with Sturm und Drang. Another common theme seen in Die Kindermorderin is the idea of society hindering change. Sturm und Drang (/ˌʃtʊərm ʊnt ˈdræŋ, ˈdrɑːŋ/;[1] German pronunciation: [ˈʃtʊɐ̯m ʊnt ˈdʁaŋ], literally "storm and drive", though usually translated as "storm and stress")[2] was a proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. Most people chose this as the best definition of sturm-und-drang: Turmoil; ferment.... See the dictionary meaning, pronunciation, and sentence examples. What does STURM UND DRANG mean? Test Your Knowledge - and learn some interesting things along the way. This play also uses a vast array of colorful language to demonstrate the variety of characters and their social statuses. Although it’s now a generic synonym of "turmoil," the term was originally used in English to identify a late 18th-century German literary movement whose works were filled with rousing action and high emotionalism, and often dealt with an individual rebelling against the injustices of society. The first example of melodrama, Pygmalion influenced Goethe and other important German literary figures.[10]. The parallel movement in the visual arts can be witnessed in paintings of storms and shipwrecks showing the terror and irrational destruction wrought by nature. Sturm und Drang Definitions. Klinger, the expression of which is seen in the radical degree to which individuality need appeal to no outside authority save the self nor be tempered by rationalism. New York: The Continuum Publishing Company, 1992. Example sentences containing Sturm und Drang 6th Edition. Define Sturm und Drang. The clearest musical connections to the self-styled Sturm und Drang movement can be found in opera and the early predecessors of program music, such as Haydn's Farewell Symphony. Many Sturm und Drang plays showed interest in how society affects the individual, a common theme in many Enlightenment plays as well. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller were notable proponents of the movement early in their lives, although they ended their period of association with it by initiating what would become Weimar Classicism. Heartz, Daniel and Bruce Alan Brown. 14. The Sturm und Drang movement was a reaction to this lack of nationality and often dealt with the idea of living life on a smaller scale and the desire to become a part of something bigger. The theatre director Abel Seyler, the owner of the Seylersche Schauspiel-Gesellschaft, had an important role in promoting the Sturm und Drang poets. Sturm und Drang (n.) 1844, literally "storm and stress," late 18c. Although almost accidental in origin, the term ‘Sturm und Drang’ reflected ancient Stoic concepts of tempestas and affectus, according to Heckscher (1966–7), now positively rather than negatively valorized with regard to artistic creation. a German literary movement of the latter half of the 18th century, characterized by a reaction against rationalism. Literary usage of Sturm und drang. Related words - Sturm und Drang synonyms, antonyms, hypernyms and hyponyms. The protagonist in a typical Sturm und Drang stage work, poem, or novel is driven to action—often violent action—not by pursuit of noble means nor by true motives, but by revenge and greed. Five Plays of the Sturm und Drang. A force of nature. German (ˈʃtʊrm ʊnt ˈdraŋ) noun. He studied law at Giessen with the financial help of Goethe’s family. Sturm und Drang / ˈ ʃ t ʊ ɐ̯ m ʊ n t ˈ d ʁ a ŋ / [1] (litt. More from Merriam-Webster on Sturm und Drang, Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for Sturm und Drang. ',gegen etw. • STURM UND DRANG (noun) The noun STURM UND DRANG has 1 sense:. Though it is argued that literature and music associated with Sturm und Drang predate this seminal work, it was from this point that German artists became distinctly self-conscious of a new aesthetic. Definition of Sturm und Drang in the AudioEnglish.org Dictionary. Friedrich Schiller was born in Marbach on November 10, 1759. (1993). Sturm und Drang definition: a German literary movement of the latter half of the 18th century, characterized by a... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Following Schiller's plays Die Räuber ("The Robbers") and Kabale und Liebe ("Intrigue and Love"), he went on to become a major poet as well as to write famous essays and Weimar Classical drama (Leidner xiv). XVI/32 in B minor (1774-76), String Quartet No. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Dramatists and writers saw the stage as a venue for critique and discussion of societal issues. sturm-and-drang definition: Noun (uncountable) 1. The The plot portrays a conflict between two aristocratic brothers, Franz and Karl Moor. Post the Definition of Sturm und Drang to Facebook, Share the Definition of Sturm und Drang on Twitter, Words From 1921: 100 Years Old and Still Around. Proper usage and audio pronunciation (plus IPA phonetic transcription) of the word Sturm und Drang. A force of nature. They were particularly interested in questions concerning aesthetics. Klinger utilized a defining characteristic of Sturm und Drang when he mixed aspects of comedy and tragedy throughout the play, stating “ the deepest tragic emotion continually alternates with laughter and joviality" (Liedner xiii). Sturm definition in theGerman definition dictionary from Reverso, Sturm meaning, see also 'Die Zeichen stehen auf Sturm. Sturm und Drang synonyms, Sturm und Drang pronunciation, Sturm und Drang translation, English dictionary definition of Sturm und Drang. 13 in D minor, K. 173 (1773), Buschmeier, Matthias; Kauffmann, Kai (2010). This idea of feeling unable to change one's situation is typical of many Sturm und Drang plays. He studied law and was a member of the literary group surrounding Johann Daniel Salzmann. WordNet 3.6. n Sturm und Drang a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally) "the industrial revolution was a period of great turbulence" *** Usage. German romanticism period, taken from the title of a 1776 romantic drama by Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger (1752-1831), who gave it this name at the suggestion of Christoph Kauffmann. Sturm und Drang explanation. The page not only provides Urdu meaning of Sturm Und Drang but also gives extensive definition in English language. Sturm und Drang - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. We see allusions to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet through the feuds of the households, as well as All's Well That Ends Well in some of the character’s names (Liedner xiii). The story of hopeless love and eventual suicide presented in Goethe's sentimental novel Die Leiden des jungen Werthers (1774) is an example of the author's tempered introspection regarding his love and torment. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? 2, pp. The band has sold over 200,000 records. After the Seven Years' War, which ended in 1763, German spirit was extremely high and Germans felt a sense of importance on a grander stage. He went to Italy for two years to collect himself and while there discovered the beauty of the Greek and Roman ruins. From German Sturm und Drang (translated as: storm and stress, literally: storm and urge/yearning), title of the 1776 play about the American Revolution, by dramatist Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger (1752-1831). In line with these aims was an extreme emphasis on an anti-rational, subjective approach to all art. Sturm und Drang (także Okres burzy i naporu) – nazwa okresu w literaturze niemieckiej przypadającego umownie na lata 1767 – 1785 . A Sturm und Drang period is often attributed to the works of the Austrian composer Joseph Haydn from the late 1760s to early 1770s. The philosopher Johann Georg Hamann is considered to be the ideologue of Sturm und Drang; other significant figures were Johann Anton Leisewitz, Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz, H. L. Wagner, and Friedrich Maximilian Klinger. Definition. Die Kindermorderin was one of the most traditional plays of the Sturm und Drang. German, literally, storm and stress, from Sturm und Drang (1776), drama by Friedrich von Klinger †1831 German novelist and dramatist, Listen to Our Podcast about Sturm und Drang, Theme music by Joshua Stamper ©2006 New Jerusalem Music/ASCAP. ‘The Sturm und Drang of Luther was safely domesticated in Lutheranism.’ ‘All of this Sturm und Drang will probably result in legislation forcing a further review that includes Congress in an oversight role.’ ‘The happy Menuetto of the third movement is contrasted with a Trio of an almost Sturm und Drang feel.’ The definition of Sturm Und Drang is followed by practically usable example sentences which allow you to construct your own sentences based on it. The Sturm und Drang movement also paid a lot of attention to the language of a piece of literature. 1. a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally) "the industrial revolution was a period of great turbulence" quotations ▼ Turmoil; a period of emotional intensity and anxiety. Meaning of Sturm und Drang. Vienna, the center of German/Austrian music, was a cosmopolitan city with an international culture; therefore, melodically innovative and expressive works in minor keys by Haydn or Mozart from this period should generally be considered first in the broader context of musical developments taking place throughout Europe. [5], There is much debate regarding whose work should or should not be included in the canon of Sturm und Drang. Sturm Und Drang meaning and example sentences with sturm und drang. He went on to write “Notes on the Theatre”, The New Menoza and Der Hofmeister (“The Tutor”) in 1774, Pandemonium Germanicum in 1775, and Die Soldaten (“The Soldiers”) in 1776 (Liedner xi). Type: noun; Copy to clipboard; Details / edit; plwordnet-defs. Learn a new word every day. Sturm und Drang, um período de renascimento cultural na Alemanha durante o século XIX; Outros. The best of the Stürmer und Dränger grew out of their Sturm und Drang, and it was necessary to indicate in what ways [Johann Gottfried] Herder and [Johann Wolfgang von] Goethe changed as they grew older. Sturm und Drang (uncountable) A proto- Romantic movement in German literature and music which occurred from the late 1760s to the early 1780s, emphasizing individual subjectivity and the free expression of emotions. Sturm is contained in 1 match in Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2006). 2. What does Sturm und Drang mean? For other uses, see, Related aesthetic and philosophical movements, E.g. Pulsing rhythms and syncopation are common, as are racing lines in the soprano or alto registers. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Print. 26 in G minor, Op. 1. Mozart's Symphony No. Top definition is 'a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally)'. (eds.). This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 09:20. sturm-and-drang definition: Noun (uncountable) 1. Goethe was the director of theatre at the Weimar Theatre where he eventually ran the entire company. The literary topos of the "Kraftmensch" existed as a precursor to Sturm und Drang among dramatists beginning with F.M. Learn definitions, uses, and phrases with sturm. It should be stressed, however, that the very principles which forced them to burst the husk of the Sturm und Drang are in themselves a vital element within the Sturm und Drang. n. 1. Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz was born in Sesswegen, now Latvia, on the January 23, 1751. Leidner, Alan. The period is named for Friedrich Maximilian Klinger's play of the same name, which was first performed by Abel Seyler's famed theatrical company in 1777. Instead, this play shows how the aristocracy disrupts the lives of middle class characters (Liedner xii). He developed a strong relationship with Goethe, one of the most influential writers of the time (Wilson and Goldfarb 287). Information about Sturm und Drang in the AudioEnglish.org dictionary, synonyms and antonyms. “Sturm und Drang.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Sturm%20und%20Drang. He was born into a humble family and struggled financially after the death of his father. Define Sturm und Drang. Heckscher, William S. (1966–1967) Simiolus: Leidner, Alan. (eds.). Sturm und Drang (n.) 1. a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally) "the industrial revolution was a … Die Bezeichnung geht auf das Drama „Sturm und Drang“ von Friedrich Maximilian Klinger? However, it is likely the influence of numerous minor-key works by the Czech composer Johann Baptist Wanhal (a Viennese contemporary and acquaintance of Mozart), rather than a self-conscious adherence to a German literary movement, which is responsible for the harmonic and melodic experiments in the Symphony no. Christoph Willibald Gluck's 1761 ballet, Don Juan, heralded the emergence of Sturm und Drang in music; the program notes explicitly indicated that the D minor finale was to evoke fear in the listener. Major philosophical/theoretical influences on the literary Sturm und Drang movement were Johann Georg Hamann (especially the 1762 text Aesthetica in nuce. Ein bisschen Sturm und Drang im Wasserglas, so was. Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature: 1. Preminger, Alex; Brogan, T. V. F. In line with these aims was an extreme emphasis on an anti-rational, subjective approach to all art. 178 (1757–62), String Quartet No. Used mostly in German music of the Romantic era. The Sturm und Drang movement rebelled against all the rules of neoclassicism and the enlightenment, first recognized Shakespeare as a “genius” of dramaturgy, and provided the foundation for 19th-century romanticism. However, the movement is actually a continuation of the Enlightenment. Turmoil; ferment: "A book's historical roots represent another barrier; so does the personal Sturm und Drang of the author" . Klinger’s most famous play, Sturm und Drang (1776), is the seminal piece of literature associated with the Sturm und Drang epoch. 20 No. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2012. Although sharing aspects of neoclassical plays, such as a fairly simple plot and very few changes in the setting, it breaks away from the neoclassical idea that the protagonist must be of noble descent. p. 423, Learn how and when to remove this template message, http://www.grovemusic.com/shared/views/article.html?section=music.27035, Sturm und Drang. Sturm und Drang (/ ˌ ʃ t ʊər m ʊ n t ˈ d r æ ŋ, ˈ d r ɑː ŋ /; German pronunciation: [ˈʃtʊɐ̯m ʊnt ˈdʁaŋ], literally "storm and drive", though usually translated as "storm and stress") was a proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. The period is named for Friedrich Maximilian Klinger's play of the same name, which was first performed by Abel Seyler's famed theatrical company in 1777. Sturm und Drang - a state of violent disturbance and disorder (as in politics or social conditions generally); "the industrial revolution was a period of great turbulence" upheaval , turbulence political science , politics , government - the study of government of states and other political units